第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第一节：宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一）、对目前状况的虚拟（与目前的事实相反）：
从句用过去式或过去进行式。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were，实义动词用过去式。例：
1. I wish I knew the answer to the question.我期望了解这个答案。
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown2 all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。
3. I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood3 Chinese.
目前他在中国，他期望能了解中文。
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.
二）、对过去状况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could5, might6+目前完成时。例：
1. I wish I hadnt wasted8 so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。
2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance9.
他真期望没失去机会。
3. We wished he had7 spoken10 to us.
4. I wish you had called earlier.
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
例题剖析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept
动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能达成或与事实相反的状况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示目前发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had
to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
三）、对以后状况的虚拟：
从句动词would4/should/could/might + 动词原形。用wish表示对以后事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would sTOP raining.
我期望雨能停止。
2. I wish you would be quiet.
我期望你安静一些。
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.
你期望她第二天会到。
4. I wish she would change her mind11.
我期望她会改变主意。
5. He will wish we would join him the following12 week.
四）、注意：
1.假如将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。比如：
I wished I hadnt spent so much money.
我如果那时没花掉那样多钱就好了。
2. 假如that 从句中用would , 一般表示对近况不满或期望将来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices13 would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would sTOP asking silly14 questions.
